Name of the University : The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University
Degree : D.M
Branch : Branch III -Nephrology
Subject Name :1201/Nephrology – Basic Sciences
Paper : I
Document Type : Question Bank
Website : web.tnmgrmu.ac.in
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Nephrology–Basic Science :
August 2008 :
Sub. Code: 1201
D.M. DEGREE EXAMINATION
Related : TNMGRMU Haemodynamics Therapeutics & Intervention DM Question Bank : www.pdfquestion.in/4402.html
(Higher Specialities)
(Revised Regulations)
Branch III -Nephrology
Paper I– NEPHROLOGY – BASIC SCIENCES
Q.P. Code: 161201
Time: Three hours
Maximum: 100 Marks
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS :
Draw suitable diagrams wherever necessary. :
I. Essays: 2 x 20 = 40 Marks
1. Regulation of glomerular filtration and methods of measuring GFR.
2. Renal and extrarenal regulation of potassium and INHERTED disorders of its metabolism.
II. Write short notes on: 10 x 6 = 60 Marks
1. Complement and the kidney.
2. Renal fanconi syndrome.
3. Juxta-glomerular apparatus.
4. V² receptor antagonists in PKD.
5. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
6. Counter-current multiplier mechanism.
7. Inherited disorders of hypophosphatemia.
8. HMG-COA reductase inhibitors and the kidney.
9. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome versus SIADH.
10. Biology and role of Tamm-horsfall glycoprotein.
August 2009 :
I. Essays: 2 x 20 = 40
1. Pathophysiology of edema formation and management.
2. Mechanisms of renal acidification.
II. Write short notes on: 10 x 6 = 60
1. Tubulo Glomerular feed back.
2. Slit diaphragm.
3. Medullary circulation.
4. Cystinuria.
5. TTKG (Trans tubular potassium gradient).
6. Uremic pruritus.
7. Emerging therapies for amyloidosis.
8. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in renal transplantation.
9. Quotidian hemodialysis.
10. Pathogenesis of collapsing glomerulopathy.
August 2011 :
Answer ALL questions in the same order. :
I. Elaborate on :
1. Discuss renal handling of sodium with emphasis on renal defense mechanisms against hyponatremia.
2. Enumerate the renal physiological changes occurring during pregnancy and discuss on evaluation of renal function during pregnancy.
II. Write notes on :
1. Define strong ion difference and outline on its clinical application.
2. Define – ‘Tubulo Glomerular feedback’ and mention the factors mediating it.
3. Gestational diabetes insipidus – outline the cause and management.
4. Pathogenesis of hypercalcemia of malignancy.
5. Interpretation of water deprivation test.
6. Pathology of ‘Cast nephropathy’.
7. Explain the mechanism of ‘Aldosterone escape’.
8. Role of Tamm-Horsfall protein in health and disease.
9. Determinants of Glomerular filtration rate.
10. Enumerate urinary acidification mechanisms.
AUGUST 2012 :
Answer ALL questions in the same order. :
I. Elaborate on:
1. How do you investigate a patient suspected to have renal tubular acidosis, outline the management of type 1 renal tubular acidosis.
2. Role of protein restriction in dietary management of chronic kidney disease stage 4, write out the diet for a 55 year old male with stage 4 chronic kidney disease, who is not a diabetic.
II. Write notes on :
1. What is tubular maximum, define renal glycosuria and its clinical implications.
2. Factors affecting glomerular filtration rate, what are the methods available to estimate it.
3. Mode of action and indications for the use of Metalazone.
4. Genetics of polycystic kidney disease and the implications of this.
5. Indications for the combined use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers advantage or not.
6. What are the prognostic factors in a case of IgA nephropathy.
7. Role of fish oil in management of renal diseases.
8. What is the fractional excretion of sodium , its diagnostic significance.
9. What is Cystatin C and what is its usefulness in clinical practice.
10. Use of diuretics in non oedematous states.
February 2013 :
I.Elaborate on :
1. Anatomy and physiology of limbic system. Write in detail about various manifestations of dysfunctions of limbic System.
2. Write in detail about venous drainage of brain and brain stem, Pathophysiology of cerebral venous thrombosis and its clinical manifestations.
II Write short notes on :
1. Clinical manifestations of Vernet syndrome.
2. Biochemistry and clinical features of syndrome of inappropriate ADH.
3. Describe the clinical features of Superior orbital fissure syndrome.
4. Write about Myophosphorylase deficiency muscle diseases.
5. Embryology and clinical features of basilar invagination.
6. Biochemistry of arterial thrombus formation.
7. Neurological manifestations of Herpes Simplex Virus infection.
8. Describe about Plasmodium falciparum infestation of the nervous system.
9. Write about Genetically inherited epilepsies.
10. Usefulness of Sural nerve biopsy in diagnosis of various Peripheral neuropathies
August 2013 :
I. Elaborate on :
1. Regulation of acid base balance by the kidney. Write about the various forms of renal tubular acidosis.
2. Anatomy of renal blood vessels and regulation of renal blood flow.
II. Write notes on :
1. What is the normal role of calcium sensing receptor? Specify the regulation of PTH secretion through the CaSR. What conditions characterize mutations involving CaSR?
2. Explain the anatomy of the juxta glomerular apparatus. Define its role in volume regulation.
3. What are the hormones secreted by the kidney? What are their roles in homeostasis?
4. What are the various types of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors located in the kidney? Explain their role in renal physiology. Write briefly about the conditions associated with their deficiency.
5. What are the components of innate immune system? Mention their role in handling infections.
6. What is anion gap? Detail its role in identifying acidosis?
7. Write briefly on<