Name of the University : The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University
Degree : Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)
Branch : Branch VI – PHARMACOLOGY
Subject Code/Name : 2022/General Pharmacology, Experimental Pharmacology & Bioassay
Paper : I
Document Type : Question Bank
Website : web.tnmgrmu.ac.in
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TN MGRMU Experimental Pharmacology Question Paper
March 2009 :
Sub. Code: 2022
M.D. DEGREE EXAMINATION
Related : The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University Systemic Pharmacology Including Recent Advances MD Question Bank : www.pdfquestion.in/4284.html
Branch VI : PHARMACOLOGY
(Common to all candidates)
Paper I : GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND BIOASSAY
Q.P. Code : 202022
Time : Three hours
Maximum : 100 marks
Draw suitable diagram wherever necessary. :
Answer ALL questions. :
I. Essay questions : (2 x 20 = 40)
1. Explain how drugs undergo changes in the body before they are excreted. Discuss the clinical relevance.
2. Enumerate the methods of bioassay of 5 hydroxytryptamine. Describe the experimental details of one of the most sensitive preparations.
II. Write short notes on : (10 x 6 = 60)
1. Therapeutic drug monitoring.
2. Randomisation.
3. Cytoplasmic second receptors.
4. Acute toxicity studies.
5. Spurious drugs.
6. Drug-drug interactions.
7. Pharmacovigilance.
8. Radio immunoassay.
9. Non receptor mediated drug actions.
10. Drugs and pregnancy.
September 2009
I. Essay questions : (2 x 20 = 40)
1. Describe how a drug crosses cell membranes in the body and the factors influencing the same.
2. Describe experimental models available to screen a potential immunosuppressant agent.
II. Write short notes on : (10 x 6 = 60)
1. Different compartment pharmacokinetic models.
2. Drug induced hepatotoxicity.
3. Experimental evaluation of a potential diuretic agent.
4. Toxicity testing in animal models for teratogenicity.
5. Substance abuse in sports.
6. Enzyme linked receptors.
7. General anaesthetics used on laboratory animals.
8. Interpolation and matching bioassay methods.
9. Influence of age on drug action.
10. Experimental set up for isolated tissue preparations.
March 2010
I. Essay questions : (2 x 20 = 40)
1. Explain the aims of biotransformation of drugs. Describe the biotransformation reactions with suitable examples. What are the practical implications of these reactions?
2. Illustrate with examples the various procedures of assaying of drugs.
II. Write short notes on : (10 x 6 = 60)
1. Drugs and subarachnoid space.
2. Spurious drugs.
3. Apoptosis and its therapeutic implications.
4. First and zero order kinetics.
5. Chromatographic techniques – clinical interpretation with examples.
6. Pharmacogenetics.
7. Exploratory therapeutic trials.
8. Paired ‘t’ test.
9. Acute tolerance.
10. Experimentally induced diabetes.
Sub. Code: 2022
I. Essay questions : (2 X 20 = 40)
1. Discuss the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic considerations in dermatological pharmacotherapy.
2. What is clearance of a drug? How is it calculated? Describe its clinical importance.
II. Write short notes on : (10 X 6 = 60)
1. Polymorphism.
2. Street Drugs.
3. FDA Drug formulary during pregnancy.
4. Drug modifiers of G-protein coupled receptors.
5. Pre systemic metabolism.
6. Toxicity testing in animal models for teratogenicity.
7. Exploratory therapeutic trials.
8. Computer aided drug design.
9. Drug prescribing in renal insufficiency.
10. Substance abuse in sports.
May 2011
I. Essay :
1. Write in detail about Pharmacogenetics.
2. Discuss evaluation techniques for analgesic agents.
II. Short Questions :
1. Half life.
2. Hepatic transporters.
3. G-protein coupled receptors.
4. Radioimmunoassay.
5. Excretion of drugs.
6. Alternatives to animal experiments.
7. Role of polygraph in pharmacology research.
8. Transgenic animals.
III. Reasoning Out :
1. Value of non-parametric statistical tests.
2. Preclinical testing of new drugs.
3. Post-marketing surveillance of new drugs.
4. Randomization in clinical trials.
IV. Very Short Answers :
1. Define normal distribution.
2. Define clearance.
3. Define standard deviation.
4. List four drugs used to anaesthetize lab animals.
5. Define Cmax.
6. Define bioavailability.
7. Simple lever versus frontal lever.
8. List drugs used for chemical euthanasia.
9. Define volume of distribution.
10. Define therapeutic index.
April 2012
I. Essay :
1. Discuss briefly the new – drug development and approval Process.
2. Describe in detail transmembrane signaling mechanism.
II. Short Questions :
1. Apoptosis.
2. Various techniques used in gene therapy.
3. Randomization.
4. Compartment models.
5. Therapeutic window.
6. Drug antagonism.
7. Chemical sympathectomy.
8. Radio – Immuno Assay.
III. Reasoning Out :
1. Rational use of drugs.
2. Safe drugs in pregnancy.
3. Spare receptors.
4. Fixed dose combination.
IV. Very Short Answers :
1. Mention four gene transfer vectors.
2. Write the significance of plasma proteins.
3. Write the consequence of microsomal enzyme induction.
4. Discuss the merits and demerits of Bio assay.
5. Define Tachyphylaxis with suitable examples. `
6. What is plasma half life?
7. Write the advantages of prodrug.
8. Role of Transgenic animals in evaluation of drugs.
9. Common laboratory animals for experimentation.
10. Advantages of log dose response curves.