Name of the College : Kings College Of Engineering
University : Anna University
Department : Civil Engineering
Degree : B.E
Subject Code/Name : CE 2253 Applied Hydraulic Engineering
Year : 2nd
Semester : 4th
Document Type : Model Question Paper
Website : kings.ac.in
Download Model/Sample Question Paper :https://www.pdfquestion.in/uploads/ki…NGINEERING.pdf
Kings Applied Hydraulic Engineering Question Paper
Unit – I
Open Channel Flow :
1. Define open channel flow with examples :
Flow of liquid with a free surface (i.e., surface exposed to atmosphere) through any passage is known as open channel flow. The liquid flowing through any closed passage without touching the top can also treated as open channels.
Related : Kings College of Engineering EE1151 Circuit Theory B.E Question Bank : www.pdfquestion.in/3250.html
Examples :
1. Flow in natural waterfalls, river and streams
2. Flow in artificial or man-made channels such as irrigation channels and flumes.
3. Closed conduit or pipe carries liquid partially (sewers that carry domestic or industrial waste water). Generally, liquid flowing in open channel in water.
2. Explain laminar and turbulent flow :
(a) Laminar flow :
If Reynolds number of flow is less than 500, it is called as Laminer flow. The value of Reynolds number is between 500 and 2000, the flow is transitional.
(b) Turbulent flow :
For values of Reynolds number greater than 2000, the flow is turbulent.
3. What are the various types of flow in open channels :
The flow in open channel is classified into the following types :
(a) Steady and unsteady flow
(b) Uniform and non- uniform flow
(c) Laminar and turbulent flow
(d) Subcritical, critical and supercritical flow.
4. Define the term uniform flow :
If the depth of flow, slope of the bed of channel and cross section remain constant with respect to distance is called uniform flow.
5. Define non uniform flow :
Flow properties, such as depth of flow, velocity of flow are not constant with respect to distance is called non uniform flow.
6. Distinguish between steady and unsteady flow :
In steady flow, various characteristics of flowing fluids such as velocity, pressure, density, temperature etc. at a point do not change with time. In other words, a steady flow may be defined as that in which the various characteristics are independent of time. Mathematically it can be expressed as
In unsteady flow, various characteristics of flowing fluids such as velocity, pressure, density, etc. at a point change with respect to time. Mathematically, Unsteadiness refers to the change of flow pattern with the passage of time at a position in the flow.
Unit – II
7. Explain the terms :
(i) Gradually varied flow and
(ii) Rapidly varied flow.
1. Gradually varied flow :
If the depth of flow changes gradually over a long length of the channel,
the flow is said to gradually varied flow (GVF).
2. Rapidly varied flow :
If the depth of flow changes rapidly over a small length of the channel, the flow is said to be rapidly varied flow.
10. Define specific energy :
Specific energy of a flowing liquid is defined as energy per unit weight of a liquid with respect to the bottom of the channel. By a symbol E.
11. Define critical flow :
Depth of flow of water at which the specific energy. E is minimum is called as critical depth (yc)
For rectangular channel, critical depth,
12. Define critical velocity :
Velocity of flow at the critical depth is called critical velocity Vc
13. Distinguish between critical, sub critical and subcritical flows :
Critical flow :
Depth of flow of water at which the specific energy is minimum is called as critical flow. Otherwise, flow corresponding to critical depth is called as critical flow.
Sub critical flow :
When the depth of flow in a channel is greater than the critical depth yc, the flow is called as sub critical flow. It is otherwise, called as streaming flow or tranquil flow.
For sub critical flow, Froude number, F<1
Sub critical flow :
When the depth of flow in a channel is less than the critical flow, yc, the flow is called as sub critical flow or torrential flow.
For supercritical flow, Froude number, F>1
14. Differentiate prismatic and non-prismatic channels :
Prismatic channel :
Geometric dimensions of the channel, such as cross section and bottom slope are constant throughout the length of the channel is called as a prismatic channel. Eg. Most of the artificial channels of circular, rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular cross section are called prismatic channels.
Non- prismatic channel :
Geometric dimensions of the channel, such as cross section and bottom slope are constant for length of the channel is called as a non-prismatic channel. Eg. All natural channels such as river, are non-prismatic channels.
15. Explain specific force (Fc) :
Specific force is the sum of the pressure force (F) and momentum force due to flow (M) per unit weight of the liquid at a section.